OG13_Passage3
By_申友教学部
Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems.（开门见山，提出考古学面临的二大问题） First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.
I would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose（提出建议） that scientific archaeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market. Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the publication of results. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavator’s grip on the market, thereby （结构词，表因果）decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities.
You might object that professionals excavate to acquire knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all to appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder. I agree. Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or scientific value. But, you might reply, everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value. Here we part company. Theoretically, you may be correct in claiming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong.（在每件考古发现具有潜在价值上，作者持反对态度）
I refer to the thousands of pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates（复制品）of one another. In one small excavation in Cyprus, archaeologists recently uncovered 2,000 virtually indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard. Even precious royal seal impressions known as l’melekh handles have been found in abundance —more than 4,000 examples so far.
The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future.（表明复制品供给量十分充足） There is not enough money even to catalog the finds; as a result（结构词，表因果）, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed, with the help of a computer, sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements. Prior to sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes.
It would be unrealistic to suggest that illegal digging would stop if artifacts were sold on the open market. But the demand for the clandestine product would be substantially reduced. Who would want an unmarked pot when another was available whose provenance was known, and that was dated stratigraphically by the professional archaeologist who excavated it?
Logic map：
Topic：考古学面临的二大问题以及作者提出的解决办法。
l 开门见山提出考古学面临的二大问题：资金匮乏和非法发掘。
l 作者提出解决方案：科学考古队和售卖考古发掘品。
l 原因：1.考古发现中存在大量复制品，并且潜在科学价值不高。
2.博物馆没有完善的分类标记系统，导致考古发现容易丢失。
3.售卖过程可在电脑上形成记录，并且特殊情况下可召回。
1.The primary purpose of the passage is to propose（主旨题）
A an alternative to museum display of artifacts（排除，文章未提议博物馆展示艺术品的可供选择的方法）
B a way to curb illegal digging while
