本文中,朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家将重点来介绍一下如何在雅思写作中做好词汇的同义替换。雅思写作四大评分标准之一就是词汇,可见词汇在雅思写作中的重要性。如果在词汇上做好充分的准备,那无疑会在考试中加分不少!因此,写作词汇的考前充分准备,是大家复习的一个重要环节。
首先,我们先要理解的是,一篇文章最基本的单位就是单词,我们在写作时,是将这些单词组成短语,进而将短语连成句子,由句子成为段落,最终形成一篇文章。如果盲目的整理词汇,不免会有大量重复,导致考场上背了很多词汇,最后只能用到少数。因此,我们可以将雅思写作词汇进行以下分类:
1. 语境词汇
首先,雅思写作话题涉及广泛,有些话题甚至相互交错,因此笔者根据对历年雅思真题的整理,将雅思写作的话题大致分成八大话题,包括教育类、犯罪类、科技类、旅游环境类、动物类、类、社会生活类、媒体文化类。如何做到评分标准上所说的7分标准a wide variety of words, 我们先来看一下最新考题。
最新考题实例
最新考题:2013.02.16
话题:犯罪
题目:Some people think lawbreakers should be sent to prison, while others think there are some alternatives (e.g. make them do work which also benefits for the local community) for those crimes are minor. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. |
最新考题:2014.06.07
话题:犯罪
题目:Some people think that if a police force carries a gun, it can lead to higher level of crime in that society. To what extent do you agree or disagree? |
以上是2013年和2014年的两道真题,可以看出当时考的是犯罪类的话题。那么大家在平时如果已经整理好相关犯罪类的话题词汇,在考场上遇到这种话题的考题就不会再感到陌生了。
在写作前,我们先来学习一下有关犯罪的新闻段落。
【相关段落一】
Actor Robert Hughes, star of the popular 1980s Australian sitcom Hey Dad!, was jailed on Friday or at least six years for sexually and indecently assaulting young girls, behavior the judge described as predatory.
【词汇积累】jail 坐牢
【句型积累】sb was jailed on + 时间 for + 罪名 因被判多少年有期徒刑
【实战运用】学会了jail之后,我们就可以将题干中的should be sent to prison成功替换为帅气的should be jailed。
【相关段落二】
But young offenders' files "still face exposure", said Yue Huiqing, director of the juvenile crime department at the procuratorate. Any criminal record is a major obstacle to career prospects and studies in the country, as most jobs and examinations require a certificate declaring that an applicant has no convictions, Yue said.
【词汇积累】young offender 青年罪犯
juvenile crime 青少年犯罪
criminal record 犯罪记录,或前科
背完了以上三个短语,或许下一次你也可以在考试中写出以下句子:
【实战运用】Juvenile crimes have been rising in many big cities recently.(可用于开头段引出话题)
【实战运用】Whether young offenders should be jailed remains a debatable issue.(可用于开头段引出争议)
【实战运用】It is difficult for a person with a criminal record to find a decent job.(可用于观点)
【相关段落三】
Under the ministry's plan, about 10,000 trainers will teach qualified officers to use firearms, with each county-level region having three trainers on average.
Chinese police generally do not carry firearms as gun-related crime is rare in China, where gun controls are strict.
【词汇积累】gun-related crime 有关枪械的犯罪,枪击案
use firearms使用枪支武器
【实战运用】2014年最新的考题题干中出现了a police force carries a gun, 现在我们可以轻松将题干中的这个短语替换成a police force carries firearms。
制定短期目标:
写作词汇需要一个长期的积累,最好的方式是在考试前两到三个月每天积累10个词汇,按上面的八大话题来分类,三个月下来就有近900个小短语。这样你还会害怕考试没有词汇吗?
2. 衔接词汇
无论是雅思写作也好,还是其他写作也好,在任何写作中,我们都需要用到一个衔接手段——连词。也就是说,连词是必然会用到的,既然必然会用到,我们有什么理由不去进行一个充分的整理呢?最简单的方法,就是打开任何一篇较好的英语文章,可以是范文,也可以是英语杂志等。
首先,大家在整理的时候可以按以下方式分类,同时在复习中掌握其用法,由于连词很多,在此举出一些典型的例子,大家可以在日后的学习中加以补充。
表让步:although, though, after all, in spite of, despite, even if, even though, though
表转折:However(最常见实用)、but、Unfortunately(带有情感的好词)
表原因:because, because of, for this reason, due to, thanks to(表褒义), as, since
表结果:therefore, accordingly, consequently(表贬义), as a result, thus
表递进:What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, as well as, additionally, again
表举例:for example, for instance, such as, take...for example, to name but a few
表解释:in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, namely, this means(这个很加分)
表总结:in conclusion, to sum up, to conclude, to summarize, in short
表示自己观点:I believe, I firmly believe(我坚信)
以上每组词大家可以先熟记两到三个,重点掌握,然后在日后的学习中逐渐补充。不仅要认识,还要会用,所谓会用,就是不仅知道其意思,更要知道后面加名词还是加句子,不能写出犯基本语法错误的句子。建议大家可以在范文中去寻找,并学习其用法。
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