中学生怎样学习托福词汇？

　随着中学生留学热潮的来临，越来越多的中学生加入到了“考托”，“考雅”的行列，而孩子们所面临的第一关就是词汇关，看似庞大而漫无边际的托福词汇和雅思词汇另许多中学生对于托福和雅思考试望而却步。反之有的学生则一下子淹没在背诵单词的汪洋大海之中，在考试中屡试屡败。这样不仅挫伤了学生们学习英语勇气也浪费了家长的金钱和孩子们的时间。

　　中国有句古话叫作知己知彼，百战不殆，考试亦是如此。要想在考试中取得好成绩，就要清楚自己已经掌握了什么知识，还需要补充什么知识。鉴于这样的情况，我们在分析现行的高中英语新课标所要求的词汇，即单词约3500个，短语或词组约360个的基础上，发现并建立这些词汇与托福考试所要求的词汇的联系。从既是高中要求的词汇也是托福考试要求的词汇入手，引导学生从自己已知的东西开始逐步掌握新知识，为学生学习单词铺设阶梯，这样既分散了单词学习的难度，又巩固了各个阶段的单词。这样学生不仅能轻松面对高考英语，同时面对国外英语考试的问题也迎刃而解，可谓是一举两得。再加上丰富、地道的例句和真题例示必能助同学们一臂之力。

　　好，现在就和大家分享一些，我们先“读”为快吧!

　　abandon [ ?'bnd?n ]

　　n. 放纵，放任

　　He was ecstatic, running around kissing strangers on the street with reckless abandon. 他欣喜若狂，冲上街道恣意亲吻遇见的每一个陌生路人。

　　Instead of allowing himself to give in to abandon, he hid his emotions from everyone in view. 他没有自我放纵，而是将自己的真实情感埋入心底，不欲别人察觉。

　　v. 离弃，完全放弃

　　She and her tribe had to abandon their lands and retreat to Canada.(真题)

　　她和她部落不得不离开故土，退入加拿大。

　　He liked the camping spot, but when the bears came he had to abandon it and go camp somewhere else.

　　【扩展】abandonment n. 抛弃

　　a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic traditions 一个抛弃了许多现实主义传统的时代

　　abandoned adj. 被抛弃的，废置的【同义】deserted

　　abandoned coal-mines

　　【同义】v. leave , desert, discard, give up

　　n. recklessness

　　abbreviate [ ?'bri:vieit ]

　　v. 1. 缩写

　　NATO is how you abbreviate the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 北大西洋公约组织常被缩写成NATO。

　　2. 缩短，使简短

　　To abbreviate the speech he had to cut many words out.

　　The director abbreviated the film to let his friends see the shortened version. 导演请他朋友们看的是这部电影他删节后的简缩版。

　　“I told you to abbreviate this passage, you added three hundred words!”

　　【扩展】abbreviation n. 缩写，缩写词

　　abbreviated adj. 简短的

　　【同义】 shorten

　　abnormal [ b'n?:m?l ]

　　adj. 反常的，变态的

　　One or both wings are held in an abnormal position, suggesting injury.(真题)

　　它的一只或两只翅膀的位置不正常，表明它已受伤了。

　　The abnormal profits were the result of a very good year for their business.

　　Everyone hated him. His classmates called him weird, and his teacher said he was abnormal.

　　I never thought he was that abnormal, he seemed like a typical kid his age. 我从不认为他不正常，他看上去和他这个年龄的孩子一样。

　　【同义】unusual, exceptional, unnatural

　　abreast [ ?'brest ]

　　adv. 并列地，并排地

　　【搭配】

　　keep abreast of... 与…齐头并进，不落伍

　　Edison kept abreast of recent scientific developments.(真题)

　　We must keep abreast of the weather in order to know whether to evacuate in because of the hurricane. 我们必须随时掌握天气状况，以判断在飓风临境的情况下是否需要撤离避难。

　　【同义】side by side

　　abrupt [ ?'br?pt ]

　　adj. 突然的，唐突的，意外的

　　Most paleontologists suspect that abrupt changes in climate led to the mass extinctions.(真题)

　　大部分古生物学家都猜想是气候的突变导致了生物大灭绝。

　　The abrupt closing of negotiations meant the standoff would last indefinitely. 谈判的突然结束，表明僵局将无限期的延长下去。

　　【同义】brusque, curt

　　absence [ 'bs?ns ]

　　n. 缺席，缺乏，缺少

　　The absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence. 没有证据并不是缺席的理由。

　　His absence at the meeting was noticed and did not promote confidence in the company.

　　A nearly complete absence of craters indicates that Europa's surface ice resembles Earth's Antarctic ice cap.(真题)

　　木卫二上几乎没有环形山，这一点表明木卫二的地面冰与地球南极冰层极其相似。

　　After drying the fish, the women pounded some of them into fish meal, which was an easily transported food used in soups, stews, or other dishes provide protein and thickening in the absence of fresh fish or while on long trips.(真题)

　　把鱼风干之后，妇女们会把其中的一些捣碎制成鱼粉，这是一种方便携带的食品，在缺少鲜鱼或在长途旅行时的烹饪中可以将其加入汤或炖菜里，可以起到补充蛋白质并将汤变得浓稠的作用。

　　【扩展】absent adj. 缺席的，缺少的

　　【同义】lack

　　absolutely [ 'bs?lu:tli ]

　　adv. 完全地，绝对地

　　These new rules are absolutely ridiculous.

　　We have absolutely no way to confirm what he said. 我们完全没有办法证明他所说的话。

　　The beaver is absolutely industrious.(真题)

　　水獭是一种非常勤劳的动物。

　　【同义】completely, utterly, totally

　　absorb [ ?b's?:b ]

　　v. 1. 吸收

　　One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the Sun's rays.(真题)

　　浅色的外表是一种适应方式，这样可以反射太阳光而不吸收其热量。

　　This gamma radiation is absorbed by atoms.(真题)这种伽玛射线被原子吸收。

　　2. 使全神贯注 The little child was absorbed in that picture book.

　　【同义】take in, sop up;engross, enthrall

　　absorbent adj. 能吸收的 n. 吸收剂

　　The towel he used to clean up the mess was very absorbent.

　　absorbed adj. 全神贯注的

　　He stopped and watched with amusement to see the child so absorbed in a crowd of ants.

　　他停下来，饶有兴趣地看那个正全神贯注盯着一群蚂蚁的小孩。

　　abstract [ 'bstrkt ]

　　adj. 1. 抽象的

　　He could not understand the abstract ideas presented in the theoretical course.

　　2. 抽象派的

　　She achieved an abstract simplicity in her paintings.(真题)

　　她的绘画有抽象派的简洁风格。

　　Representational motifs largely replaced the earlier abstract decorations.(真题)

　　具象派主题大部分取代了早期的抽象派装饰风格。

　　【扩展】abstracted adj. 抽象的，心不在焉的

　　abstraction n. 抽象化，抽象概念

　　The issue had to be discussed in detail and not in abstraction.

　　【同义】unconcrete, conceptual; nonrepresentational

　　absurd [ ?b's?:d ]

　　adj. 荒唐的，可笑的

　　It was an absurd situation that no one understood.

　　Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd.(真题)

　　堂吉诃德让骑士精神看起来很荒唐可笑。

　　【扩展】absurdity n. 荒唐，谬论

　　The absurdity of having a five year old comment on the news was comic. 把对一条新闻的评论保存了五年，这个荒唐的事实是很可笑的。

　　【同义】ridiculous, nonsensical, ludicrous

　　abundant [ ?'b?nd?nt ]

　　adj. 丰富的，充裕的

　　There was a