雅思听力题型击破之配对题
朗阁海外考试研究中心 张敏
在雅思听力的主流题型中，配对题一直是众多烤鸭心中的痛，面对配对题，他们总是迷茫而无助。配对题虽然不是每次必考的题目，但通常题量保持在4-7题之间，最多出现过11题，由此看来，分值还是很可观的。实质上，配对题核心考查要点和选择题是一样的，但是由于节奏较快，考点密集，难度大于选择题，加上烤鸭们由于缺乏对这类题型的总结，因此导致得分率不高，只有干着急的份。今天，朗阁海外考试研究中心的老师就来帮大家解决这样的难题。
配对题属于较为特殊的选择类题型，这一种题型有三大题型特点：
① 题目本身包括题干及匹配选项的内容；
② 考生在听的过程中需要对题干、选项匹配内容和录音三组信息进行理解和对应，这也是这一种题型其难点所在；
③ 定位相对比较容易
考试中，配对题有三种常见形式：① 选项多于空；② 选项等于空；③ 选项少于空。其中，②选项等于空：即一对一匹配，除了选项利用率上与①不同之外，其余的出题特征和做题思路极为相近。
配对题的考察要点在于考生对同义转换的反应能力。选择题中经常是题干和选项在听力语音中都被同义转换了，但配对题主要针对选项进行同义转换，所以大家要花功夫分析选项中哪些词语容易被替换掉，可能替换成哪些表达，做到心中有数，听的时候才能有的放矢。同时，在审题中，可以借助简单的符号和汉字对选项的核心语义进行提炼，这样，听的过程中不需要二次审题，节约时间，提高了解题效率。
范例分析：选项多于空的配对题。题目是对于theatre的变化部分进行描述，然后将每一个部分的具体变化进行匹配。
录音原文：Lynne: The first thing people will see when they go in is the foyer has been repainted in the original green and gold. Then the box office has been reoriented with its own access from the side of the building instead of through the foyer, which means it can be open longer hours, and has more space, too.
示例分析：foyer在题干中没有给出，属干扰；这里的then是非常好的递进关系承接词，提醒注意box office的出现。接下来，the box office has been reoriented with its own access from the side of the building中，reoriented、its own access和B选项given separate entrance相对应。
生词补充：
foyer大厅
reoriented重新确定位置
with its own access有自己的入口
录音原文：The shop is the one part of the redevelopment which isn’t yet complete. We hope to reopen the shop in the next few months.
示例分析：在定位词shop出现后，isn’t yet complete、to reopen the shop in the next few months均能够帮助确定答案G选项 temporarily closed。
录音原文：Man: Will audiences find any difference in the auditorium?
Lynne: Yes, we’ve increased the leg-room between the rows. This means that there are now fewer seats.
示例分析：当男的问到auditorium时，若知道是观众席的意思，则知道定位到13题，随后fewer seats较容易就能对应上C选项reduced in number。
录音原文：We have already had a few seats which were suitable for wheelchair users, and now there are twice as many.
示例分析：We have already had a few seats which were suitable for wheelchair users这一句又是非常明显的，容易定位到14题，now there are twice as many对应上doubled in number选项A。
录音原文：Something else that will benefit audiences is the new lifts. The two we used to have were very small and slow. They’ve now gone. And we’ve got much more efficient ones.
示例分析：讲到lift时，They’ve now gone可以判断对应E选项replaced, 当然，The two we used to have were……we’ve got much more efficient ones也是可以帮助推断的。
综合来看，配对题对于考生的解题能力是有很高要求的，需要平时针对性的多做练习，积累常见同义互换，同时结合审题听题的基本技巧，才能在考场上有很好的发挥。
