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  重庆成人如何练习英语口语-教你比简单重复更有效的记忆方法

A team of scientists recently discovered that repetition is a terrible way to memorize information—and their findings highlight much better strategies.

  一组科学家最近发现重复记忆信息的方式是一种很糟的记忆方式,新的记忆方式强调从策略上找出更好的记忆方式。

  A new study published in Learning and Memory found that simple repetition interferes with the ability to learn new information, especially when it is similar to a set of familiar facts. This may mean that memorizing facts about an issue through repetition could interfere with the ability to remember a more nuanced version of the same issue later on.

  一项新的研究发现发表在《学习和记忆》杂志上,简单的重复性记忆方式干扰学习新信息的能力,尤其是记忆一组类似熟悉的事实。通过反复重复的方式记住的东西可能会干扰对同一问题的更加具体版本的记忆能力。

  In study, subjects said a list of objects either one or three times. Later on, in the recall phase, another set of similar objects ("lures") was snuck in. Those who had seen objects multiple times better recalled the original objects but had a harder time distinguishing the lures. In other words, their memories were stronger but less precise. Over the long run, repetition can be a false temptress, making us think we've learning something when we really haven't.

  在研究中,让参与者对一个单词列表重复记三遍左右。在接下来的回忆阶段,在单词表里添加了一个相似的单词(“鱼饵”)。记过几遍单词列表的人对原单词列表的记忆颇深,但很难注意到细微的区别。也就是说,他们的记忆虽深但不够精确。从长期来看,重复性记忆很可能会成为虚假的诱惑变成一个幌子,其实我们并没有精确地记住东西,只是给我们造成的假象而已。

重庆成人如何练习英语口语-教你比简单重复更有效的记忆方法

 

  Here are a few tips for better memory:

  这里有几个记忆小窍门:

  Pace your studying

  给学习分段

  Not all repetition is bad. It's more accurate to say that cramming is ineffective. “The better idea is to space repetition. Practice a little bit one day, then put your flashcards away, then take them out the next day, then two days later," explain McDaniel and Roediger.

  并不是所有的重复性记忆都不可取,死记硬背没有用。“更好的办法是把重复性记忆间隔开来。一天练习着记一点,慢慢到了不用卡片记忆,第二天,再把卡片拿出来记,两天后,再把卡片拿出来记,”麦克丹尼尔·罗迪格解释说。

  Mentally testing yourself on materials generally increases recall days later, even if there's no feedback on how well you actually remember the facts. In other words, just going over the material in your head at regular intervals has benefits.

  用记忆材料对自己的记忆力进行测试,一般都能记几天的时间,即使实际上对你记的内容并没有什么反馈信息,也要在你的脑海中定期对记忆材料回想一遍,这样对记忆有好处。

  Within academia, there's a raging debate about the optimal spacing between recall intervals. One of the original systems, by foreign language learning icon Paul Pimsleur, advocated for a pacing of five seconds, 25 seconds, two minutes, 10 minutes, one hour, five hours, one day, five days, 25 days, four months, and two years after the facts are initially learned. Since then, others have found that a slight delay of 10 minutes in the first retrieval made the task just mentally challenging enough to be beneficial. But it depends on the goal; if it's to memorize a speech in a day, you'll probably want to cram more intervals than if you want to remember something five years later.

  在学术界,关于分段回忆最佳间隔期的争论一直都很激烈。其中最初的一个记忆体系是保罗·罗皮姆斯勒式外语学习,主张分段记忆的时间段为5秒、25秒、两分钟、10分钟、一小时、五小时、一天、五天、25天、4个月、两年后进入初步学习阶段。另有其他人发现在首次回忆推迟10分钟的内,在回想记忆的过程中从精神上足以受益。但这取决于记忆目标,你想把一个演讲内容记一天的时间可能更多要依赖于死记硬背,你想要五年后都能记住的东西可能就要采取分段记忆法了,多分出几个时间间隔段进行分段记忆。

  I've been experimenting with recall intervals one hour after I read material, then again when I'm at the gym, trying to recall facts learned during the previous three days, one week, and one month prior. The optimal intervals will ultimately depend on your schedule.

  我在读过材料后间隔一小时的时间回想一下读过的内容,接着,在健身房的时候再回想一下读过的内容,试着回想三天前、一周前、一个月前读过的内容。最佳间隔时间段最终要按阅读进度进行分段记忆。

  文章转自重庆安迪英语官方网站

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