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文章标题

ArchitectureTPO3 Passage1

所属话题

社会科学类之建筑

文章体裁

科技说明文

文章结构

原因(cause/结果(effect

难度系数

文章难度★★★★         题目难度:★★

各题型数量

词汇题(5题)        直接事实题(3题)         否定排除题(1题)

推论题(1题)        句子简化题(1题)         修辞目的题(1题)

插入文本题(1题)  摘要题(1题)

高频话题词

总结

architecture      建筑学

enclose             包围,围住,封闭

symbolic          象征的,象征性的

character          特点,特色,特征

utilize               利用,使用

harmony          协调,一致,和谐

instinctive        天生的,本能的,直觉的

feasible             可行的,可能的

contemporary   当代的,现代的,同时代的

dramatically     突如其来的,引人注目的

devise              想出,设计

objective          客观的

withstand         经受,承受

integral             基本的,构成整体所必需的

enormous         巨大的,极大的,很多的

ease                 轻松,舒适,容易

minimum         最低限度,最小量

comparable       可比较的,比得上的

interior             内部,里面

vital                 必要的,至关重要的

permanence     永久,持久

arduous           艰巨的,难克服的

overcome         克服

extensively       广泛地

perfect             使…完美

semicircular      半圆的

horizontal         水平的,地平线的

divert               使转移

vertical             垂直的,竖立的

breakthrough   突破,穿透

characterize      具有…的特征,描述…的特征

长难句

1.       In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered themeven while building materials have changed dramatically.

 

分析:主句为architecture employs methods of supportIn order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose为不定式做目的状语;“that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered themeven while building materials have changed dramatically”为定语从句,做methods of support的定语,关系词为that;在此定语从句中,“because they are based on physical laws”为because引导的原因状语从句;“since people first discovered them”为since引导的时间状语从句;“while building materials have changed dramatically”为while引导的对比从句。

 

2.    Structures can be analyzed in terms of how they deal with downward forces created by gravity.

 

分析:本句主句为“Structures can be analyzed”。“how they deal with downward forces created by gravity”为how引导的宾语从句,做介词of的宾语。

 

3.   Today technology has progressed to the point where it is possible to invent new building materials to suit the type of structure desired.

 

分析:主句为“technology has progressed to the point”;“where it is possible to invent new building materials to suit the type of structure desired”为定语从句,做the point的定语,关系词为where

社会科学类之其他话题

 艺术(绘画,雕塑,陶瓷,戏剧,电影,摄影)

 历史(考古学/工业化介绍,贸易/经济介绍,农业发展介绍,城市特点,人口变化特点)

 心理/生理学

 社会学

 

 

文章标题

Depletion of the Ogallala AquiferTPO3 Passage2

所属话题

自然科学类之地质现象

文章体裁

科技说明文

文章结构

问题(problem/解决(solution

难度系数

文章难度★★★★        题目难度:★★★★

各题型数量

词汇题(4题)         直接事实题(4题)         否定排除题(2题)

句子简化题(1题)   修辞目的题(1题)         插入文本题(1题)

摘要题(1题)

高频话题词

总结

settle              定居

semiarid         半干旱的,雨量非常少的

intensity         强度

formation       形成,构成

underlie          位于/存于…之下

extend                  延伸

accumulate     堆积,积累

minimal          最小的,极少的

well               

drought          干旱,旱季

ensue              接着发生,随之产生

irrigation        灌溉

transform       改变

dominate        主导,支配

fatten             喂肥,养肥

unprecedented      前所未有的

finite               有限的

negligible        可以忽略的,微不足道的

recharge         修整,再装填

virtually          几乎

drastically       巨大地,彻底地

necessitate     使…成为必需,需要

periodic          定期的,周期的

withdrawal            收回,撤退

critical             严重的

project           预计,规划

inevitable        不可避免的

depletion        消耗,用尽

conserve         保护

adopt              采用,采取,采纳

profitable        有利可图的,可赚钱的

incentive         动机,诱因

upcoming       即将到来的,即将出现的

uncompetitive 没有竞争力的

release            释放,放开

inject              添加,注入

triple              增至三倍

genetic           基因的

partial             部分的,不完全的

resistant         有抵抗力的,不受…损害的

abundant        充足的,丰富的,富有的

长难句

1.    The Ogallala aquifer is a sandstone formation that underlies some 583,000 square kilometers of land extending from northwestern Texas to southern South Dakota.

 

分析:主句为“The Ogallala aquifer is a sandstone formation”;that underlies some 583,000 square kilometers of land为定语,做a sandstone formation的定语,关系词为that extending from northwestern Texas to southern South Dakota”为现在分词短语做定语,做land的定语。

 

2.    Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.

 

分析:主句为“Estimates indicate that…”,其中“that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.”为that引导的宾语从句,做indicate的宾语;在此宾语从句中“the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron”和“unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.”并列,由but衔接;“that presently exist in the region为定语从句,做the semiarid climatic conditions的定语,关系词为that;“amounting to about half a centimeter a year.”为现在分词短语做伴随状语。

 

3.   Others, however, have adopted the philosophy that it is best to use the water while it is still economically profitable to do so and to concentrate on high-value crops such as cotton.

 

分析:此句主句为“Others have adopted the philosophy”和“the salts are left behind”并列;“that it is best to use the water”为that引导的同位语从句,做the philosophy的同位语;“while it is still economically profitable to do so and to concentrate on high-value crops such as cotton”为while引导的时间状语从句

自然科学类之其他话题

地球构造(地壳、构成元素、活动)

气候(城市热岛、天气预报、风向风蚀)

岩土(矿物、土壤、化石、冻土)

火山(成因、预测)

冰川(冰川、海岸线)

沙漠(分类、特例)

海洋(海水保护区,海洋学,海水,海洋能源)

其他天体

 

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