雅思阅读句子结构应对策略

　中国孩子喜欢背单词是出了名的，之所以愿意承担这份苦，是因为我们总在潜意识里“催眠”自己：只要单词都认识，文章就能看懂，题目就能答对。但我们忘了一点：学英语不同于学中文。中文句子是独立成句、独立表意，可以逐一击破；英语句子可以并列、可以复合，从句套从句，并列带复合，一旦组团，很难攻克。再加上英语单词词义与上下文关系紧密，脱离语境，纵使单词内功深厚，也会感到寸步难行。因此，在英语学习中，句子结构第一，单词词义第二。

　　具体举例：

　　举例一：Cam5-3-2 p66 选项ii

　　The danger of flooding the Cairo area

　　如果文章14题误选了选项ii，那么问题就出在对B段最后一句话的理解上，没看清句子结构重点，原句摘抄如下：But when the Aswan dams were constructed in the 20th century to provide electricity and irrigation, and to protect the huge population centre of Cairo and its surrounding areas from annual flooding and drought, most of the sediment with its natural fertilizer accumulated up above the dam in the southern, upstream half of Lake Nasser, instead of passing down to the delta. 烤鸭一看到to protect …Cairo … from annual flooding，就迫不及待出手，结果正好掉进陷阱—Cairo，迷惑选项类别一：标志性原词重现。稍加分析会发现，when到drought是表时间的状语从句，不是全句重点，句子核心结构：sediment accumulated up above the dam，句子结构划分：（But when the Aswan dams were constructed in the 20th century to provide electricity and irrigation, and to protect the huge population centre of Cairo and its surrounding areas from annual flooding and drought）, <most of the> sediment <with its natural fertilizer> accumulated up above the dam <in the southern>, <upstream half of Lake Nasser,> <instead of passing down to the delta>.

　　举例二：Cam4-1-1 p20 题目4

　　The fact that children’s ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them.

　　英语句子中，动词最重要。从句套从句，先找动词，即form, means, is；然后找句子间（也是动词间）的关系词，即that（that引导同位语从句，与先行词fact等同）, that（that引导宾语从句）。句子核心结构：fact means (that) it is easier，句子结构划分：The fact that children’s ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier <to change them>.

　　对应文中原句，结构分析如下：These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated <into a multifaceted, but organized, conceptual framework>, <making it and the component ideas, (some of which are erroneous), more robust but also accessible to modification>.

　　举例三：Cam4-4-3 p97 题目28-31

　　Section A: The problem <of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way,> is not a new one. Every health system <in an economically developed society> is faced with the need <to decide (either formally or informally) what proportion of the community’s total resources should be spent on health-care>; …

　　选项iv: A problem <shared by every economically developed country>

　　Section C: However, <at exactly the same time as this new realization of the finite character of health-care resources was sinking in>, an awareness <of a contrary kind> was developing <in Western societies>: that people have a basic right to health-care as a necessary condition of a proper human life. <Like education, political and legal processes and institutions, public order, communication, transport and money supply>, health-care came to be seen as one <of the fundamental social facilities> <necessary for people to exercise their other rights> <as autonomous human beings>.

　　选项i: The connection <between health-care and other human rights>

　　Section D: (Although the language of ‘rights’ sometimes leads to confusion), <by the late 1970s> it was recognized <in most societies> that people have a right to health-care (though there has been considerable resistance in the United States to the idea that there is a formal right to health-care). It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty <for the state> <to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of public purse>.

　　选项iii: The role <of the state> <in health-care>

　　Section E: <Just at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources could not possibly meet the demands being made upon them>, people were demanding that their fundamental right to health-care be satisfied by the state. <The second set of more specific> changes <that have led to the present concern about the distribution of health-care resources> stems from the dramatic rise <in health costs in most OECD countries>, <accompanied by large-scale demographic and social changes which have meant, to take on example, that elderly people are now major (and relatively very expensive) consumers of health-care resources>.

　　<As a consequence>, <during the 1980s> <a kind of doomsday> scenario (analogous to similar doomsday extrapolations about energy needs and fossil fuels or about population increase) was projected <by health administrators, economists and politicians>.

　　选项v: The impact <of recent change>

　　相应对策：

　　1. 牢记：句子结构先于单词含义，且句子结构＞单词含义

　　2. 熟悉：简单句五种基本结构：主+谓；主+系+表（主+谓+补）；主+谓+宾；主+谓+宾+宾；主+谓+宾+补；动词和动词非谓语形式（即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词）的区别；连结并列句的连词和引导复合句中从句的关联词

　　3. 目标：以正常速度阅读，无需动笔，句子结构可实时反映出来；增加写作、口语表达的结构变化；做听力时，由“听单词”上升到“听结构”以辅助解题

　　4. 方法：用做过题目的阅读文章练习，划分句子结构，并做到精准理解：划分时，先找动词，再找连词或关联词；理解时，先做“减法”—读懂句子核心，再做“加法”—读懂修饰限定成分

　　其他推荐：语法书不是用来“读”的——坚持不到数词就大都会放弃；语法书是用来“查”的，是工具书而非课本。推荐三本语法书，烤鸭们可根据个人情况，酌情选用：

　　《英语语法新思维》：分初中高级，深入浅出，易上手，易掌握

　　《英语在用》：分初中高级语法，中英版本，表达地道

　　《剑桥雅思语法》：针对性强，大量练习帮助考生巩固提高 

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