奥巴马简介

 

Obama is the first African-American to be nominated by a major American political party for president and became the first African-American president in American history on November 4, 2008. A graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he became the first black person to serve as president of the Harvard Law Review, Obama worked as a community organizer and practiced as a civil rights attorney before serving three terms in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004. He taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. Following an unsuccessful bid for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in 2000, he announced his campaign for the U.S. Senate in January 2003. After a primary victory in March 2004, Obama delivered the keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July 2004. He was elected to the Senate in November 2004 with 70 percent of the vote.

As a member of the Democratic minority in the 109th Congress, he helped create legislation to control conventional weapons and to promote greater public accountability in the use of federal funds. He also made official trips to Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. During the 110th Congress, he helped create legislation regarding lobbying and electoral fraud, climate change, nuclear terrorism, and care for returned U.S. military personnel. Obama announced his presidential campaign in February 2007, and was formally nominated at the 2008 Democratic National Convention with Delaware senator Joe Biden as his running mate.

奥巴马简介

巴拉克•侯赛因•奥巴马，出生于1961年8月4日，是代表美国伊利诺州的资深联邦参议员，2008年美国总统选举民主党候选人。

奥巴马是美国历史上第一位获得主要政党提名的非裔总统候选人，并于2008年11月4日当选为美国历史上首位非裔总统。他毕业于哥伦比亚和哈佛法，是《哈佛法律研究》的第一位黑人社长。在连续三届担任伊利诺伊州州参议员之前（1997-2004），奥巴马从事社区工作和民权律师工作。1992年到2004年，他在芝加哥教授宪法学。2000年奥巴马竞选美国众议院议员失败，2003年他宣布参选联邦参议员。2004年3月奥巴马取得初步胜利，7月他在民主党大会上发表了主题演讲。2004年11月，奥巴马以百分之70的选票当选为联邦参议员。

在第109届国会会期内，作为民主党内的少数族裔，他协助编纂了控制常规武器和使用联邦基金进一步推动公共问责的法律。他还对东欧，中东和非洲进行了官方访问。在第110届国会会期内，他协助编纂了关于游说和选举诈骗，气候变化，核恐怖活动以及帮助退伍军人的法案。2007年2月，奥巴马宣布参加总统竞选，2008年民主党大会上获得正式提名，选择代表特拉华州的联邦参议员乔•拜登做副总统人选。

Early life and Education

Barack Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, to Barack Hussein Obama, Sr., a Luo from Kenya, and Ann Dunham, a white American from Wichita, Kansas. His parents met while attending the University of Hawaii at Manoa, where his father was a foreign student. They separated when he was two years old and later divorced. Obama's father attended Harward Universtiy for his Doctor’s Degree and returned to Kenya and saw his son only once more before dying in an automobile accident in 1982.

After her divorce, Dunham married Lolo Soetoro, and the family moved to Soetoro's home country of Indonesia in 1967, where Obama attended local schools in Jakarta until he was ten years old. He then returned to Honolulu to live with his maternal grandparents while attending Punahou School from the fifth grade in 1971 until his graduation from high school in 1979. Obama's mother returned to Hawaii in 1972 for several years and then back to Indonesia to complete fieldwork for her doctoral dissertation

As an adult Obama admitted that during high school he used marijuana, cocaine, and alcohol, which he described at the 2008 Civil Forum on the Presidency as his greatest moral failure.

Following high school, Obama moved to Los Angeles, where he studied at Occidental College for two years. He then transferred to Columbia University in New York City, where he majored in political science with a specialization in international relations.

Career

 

Obama graduated with a B.A. from Columbia in 1983, then at the start of the following year worked for a year at the Business International Corporation and then at the New York Public Interest Research Group.

After four years in New York City, Obama moved to Chicago, where he was hired as director of the Developing Communities Project (DCP) and worked there for three years from June 1985 to May 1988.

Obama entered Harvard Law School in late 1988. At the end of his first year, he was selected, based on his grades and a writing competition, as an editor of the Harvard Law Review. In February 1990, in his second year, he was elected president of the Law Review, a full-time volunteer position functioning as editor-in-chief and supervising the Law Review's staff of eighty editors.

After graduating with a Juris Doctor (J.D.) magna cum laude from Harvard in 1991, he returned to Chicago.

He served from 1994 to 2002 on the board of directors of the Woods Fund of Chicago, and also from 1994 to 2002 on the board of directors of The Joyce Foundation.

Obama was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1996, In January 2003, Obama became chairman of the Illinois Senate's Health and Human Services Committee. He resigned from the Illinois Senate in November 2004 following his election to the US Senate.

2008 Election

On February 10, 2007, Obama announced his candidacy for President of the United States in front of the Old State Capitol building in Springfield, Illinois. Throughout the campaign, Obama has emphasized the issues of rapidly ending the Iraq War, increasing energy independence, and providing universal health care. And he promised “change” in the campaign course.

Barack Obama swept to victory as the nation's first black president Tuesday night in an electoral college landslide that overcame racial barriers as old as America itself. "Change has come," he declared to a huge throng of cheering supporters.

The Democratic senator from Illinois sealed his historic triumph by defeating Republican Sen. John McCain in a string of wins in hard-fought battleground states — Ohio, Florida, Virginia, Iowa and more.

 

巴拉克•奥巴马出生于夏威夷州檀香山，他的父亲老巴拉克是生于肯尼亚的卢欧族人，母亲安•杜汉姆（Ann Duham）出生于美国堪萨斯州的威奇托。

奥巴马的父母在檀香山玛诺亚的夏威夷上学时相识，当时他的父亲以国际学生身份在校求学。奥巴马两岁岁时，父母分居，之后离婚。此后，他的父亲便前往哈佛攻读博士学位，之后返回肯尼亚。1982年，老巴拉克在一场车祸中丧生，此前他与儿子见最后一次面。

离婚后，奥巴马的母亲嫁给了一位印度尼西亚籍的学生Lolo Soetoro。1967年，奥巴马六岁时，与母亲一家迁居到雅加达并在当地的学校上学。四年后，奥巴马回到夏威夷，与外祖父母住在一起。从五年级起，奥巴马就读于位于檀香山的大型私立学校Punahou学校，并于1979年从这所学校毕业。

1972，奥巴马的母亲回到夏威夷并在这待了几年，之后为了完成她的博士论文，她又返回印度尼西亚进行实地考察和调研。奥巴马的母亲于1995年因卵巢癌去世。

在中年时代，奥巴马吸食过大麻和可卡因，他在“2008年总统公民论坛”上表示，这是他一生中最大的道德失败。

高中毕业后，奥巴马在加州洛杉矶的西方（Occidental College）求学两年，随后转至纽约市的哥伦比亚，在那里主修政治学及国际关系。

职业生涯

1983年在哥伦比亚取得学士学位后，奥巴马在“国际商务集团”和