[托福培训]直接事实题 托福必考题型解析

 问题形式

朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，这种题型要求考生们识别出文章明确阐述的事实信息。这些事实信息问题主要集中于事实、细节、定义或者作者阐述的其他信息。这种题型一般要求考生辨识文章某一部分提到的具体信息，不会问及整篇文章的主旨。通常情况下，相关信息可能是一句话或两句话。

这种题目的提问方式通常为：

☆ According to the passage, which/ what/ why/how/who/where/when….

☆ The author’s description of X mentions which of the following?

☆ According to the paragraph, X occurred because …

等等。

 解题步骤

1.    看题目，找关键词

2.    带着关键词在文章中定位相关信息

3.    看选项，找到和原文对应的改写/同义替换。

 注意：

1.    主要考察考生的定位能力

2.    此种题型量大，但难度不大

3.    做题过程中要排除那些错误选项，错误的选项通常为

?重复文章中的信息，但并没有回答问题

?错误表达文章中的信息或观点

?与文章中观点不符

?与文章无关或者文章中没有被提到。

 另外朗阁专家建议考生在做题过程中要巧用一些特定的表达方式（即关系词），因为他们可以帮助考生们理解句子与句子之间及段落之间各个观点的关系。

 illustrate      for example         next                   such

               For instance         to illustrate            such as

 Give reasons   as a result of       because of             one reason is

                because            due to                  since

 show result     accordingly         consequently          therefore

                 as a result          otherwise              thus

 compare        both              like                  similarly

                 equally …          the same           similar to

contrast      although          instead                   rather

               conversely        nevertheless             unlike

               however           on the contrary         whereas

               in contrast         on the other hand       while

 add           also          finally                      moreover

               another      first, second, third…       not only … but also

               as well as      furthermore              too

 limit          although         except for               however

               but               even though            yet

 emphasize     certainly          indeed          most importantly

                clearly            in fact          surely

 下面我们通过几个例子来示范这种题目的答题步骤及方法。

 It should be obvious that cetaceans--- whales, porpoises, and dolphins--- are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales lookes like. Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.

 The fos