在上一章节中,笔者已经为大家介绍了新托福独立写作中最常用的论证方式组合,即因果和举例法的组合,在本节中,朗阁托福培训中心将继续为各位介绍其他论证方式组合,首先我们看到的是假设和举例法以及因果法的组合。下面我们来看一个例子:
First of all, I want to say that obstacles make people stronger. By overcoming difficulties people gain priceless and essential knowledge and experience. If one has to struggle with a disease he will become stronger either in a physical way or in a mental way. A person becomes more patient, more self-confident and more attentive. These qualities will help him to win his disease.
在这个主体段里,作者首先进行了假设论证,由“if”引导的条件状语从句开始,假设某个人在与疾病作斗争并且战胜了它以后,此人在身体或心理层面一定会比以前更坚强,从而可以得出后面的结论,即由于人生中面对挫折,所以一个人可以变得更有耐心,自信等。这样的一种组合论证方式,其优点在于无须给出亲身经历或者一个具体的例子,直接建立在一个“虚构”的人或事上,同时借助于之后进行的“结果”论证,使得这个假设的成立更具有一定的说服力。在举不出合适的例子或者不知道该说什么的时候,使用这一组合的优点就不言而喻了。接下来我们再来看一个例子:
For example, if people are negotiating it is very important to have a face-to-face communication. It is very important to see during a negotiation how one's opponent is moving, is he nervous or relaxed, what he is doing, etc. Scientists say that the body language and facial gestures can say many things about a person, his strong and weak sides, his traits, manners and even habits.
在这个段落中,作者先假设了“谈判”这样一个场景,然后继续用“原因”来分析面对面沟通对于谈判的重要性,紧接着再通过宾语从句引用科学家的结论来进行举例,这样一来,原先看上去貌似很“空”的理论,经过了这样一系列演绎,一下子变得“生动温馨提示:为不影响您的学业,来校区前请先电话咨询,方便我校安排相关的专业老师为您解答
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