美中在三沙建市问题上发生争执

中国和美国在南中国海领土纠纷问题上的口水战周末升级。中国外交部召见一名美国高级外交官，抗议美国国务院此前发表的言论。

China last month shocked its neighbours by establishing a new military garrison in the South China Sea. The US state department on Friday said the move risked raising tensions "counter to collaborative diplomatic efforts to resolve differences".

中国上月在南海组建一个新的警备区之举，震惊邻国。美国国务院上周五表示，此举带有加剧紧张的风险，"与通过协调外交努力解决分歧的做法相抵触"。

Beijing responded at the weekend by saying it had summoned Robert Wang, US charge d'affaires, to express a "stern message" about Washington's comments.

北京方面在周末做出回应，宣布紧急召见美国驻华使馆临时代办王晓岷(Robert Wang)，对美方的言论提出"严正交涉"。

Zhang Kunsheng, assistant foreign minister, said the US had "sent a seriously wrong signal and did not help with efforts by relevant parties to maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea or the Asia Pacific".

中国外交部部长助理张昆生表示，美国"发出了严重错误信号，无助于有关各方维护南海乃至亚太地区和平稳定的努力"。

Tensions over the South China Sea have risen another notch since China established a new administrative district as well as a new military garrison covering the disputed territory last month.

自中国上月设立一个覆盖有争议领土的新的行政区以及新的警备区以来，南海紧张局势进一步加剧。

Sansha, the name of the district and garrison, is a reference to the Chinese names of the Spratly and Paracel archipelagos and the Macclesfield Bank. The new military garrison is part of the existing Guangzhou Military Command and is located on an island in the Paracels where the People's Liberation Army already had a presence.

这一行政区和警备区的名称都是"三沙"，其出处是南沙群岛(Spratly Islands)、西沙群岛(Paracel Islands)以及中沙群岛(Macclesfield Bank)的中文名称。新的警备区隶属现有的广州军区，位于已有解放军驻扎的西沙永兴岛。

Beijing has not announced the transfer of any new troops or equipment to the area, but the military has not clarified the purpose and actual assets of the new garrison.

北京方面尚未宣布派遣新的部队或装备进驻该警备区，但中国军方并未澄清该警备区的目的和实力。

China claims sovereignty over groups of islands which are also claimed in entirety or in part by Vietnam, Taiwan, the Philippines, Brunei and Malaysia. Tensions have been high in recent months after incidents involving China and the Philippines, as well as Vietnam.

中国宣称对南海多个群岛拥有主权，而越南、台湾、菲律宾、文莱和马来西亚也宣称拥有这些岛屿的部分或全部主权。在中国与菲律宾和越南分别发生对峙事件后，近几个月紧张程度一直处于高位。

The disputes have become a focus of international interest, given that as much as half of global ship-borne trade by volume passes through the South China Sea. The stakes have risen in the area as the US military shifts its attention back to Asia, emboldening its long-time ally the Philippines and former foe Vietnam to defend their interests in the region more aggressively. The US is pressuring all those involved to resolve the disputes through regional rather than bilateral negotiations.

鉴于全球多达一半的海上贸易（按量计算）通过南海，这些纠纷已成为国际关注焦点。近期该地区的利害关系有所加大；美军将战略重点转回亚洲之举，给长期盟友菲律宾和昔日仇敌越南壮了胆，使它们敢于以更加强悍的方式维护自己在南海的权益。美国正对各方施压，敦促他们通过地区性的多边谈判（而非双边谈判）解决纠纷。

On Friday, Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Qin Gang also issued a separate statement in response to the US comments, which repeated China's contention that it has absolute sovereignty over the sea and the islands in question, and the right to set up a city to administer the region.

上周五，中国外交部发言人秦刚针对美方的言论发表了另一份声明，重申了中国的主张，即中国拥有相关海域及岛屿的绝对主权，有权设立一个城市对该地区进行行政管辖。

"Why does the US turn a blind eye to the facts that certain countries opened a number of oil and gas blocks, and issued domestic laws illegally appropriating Chinese islands and waters?" Mr Qin said. "Why does the US avoid talking about the threats of military vessels to Chinese fishermen by certain countries and their unjustified claims of sovereignty rights over Chinese islands?"

"美国为什么对有的在南海划出大批油气区块、出台将中国的岛礁和海域划为己有的国内立法视而不见，"秦刚表示。"为什么对有的出动军舰威胁中国渔民，对无争议的中国岛礁无理提出主权要求避而不谈？"

Jia Qingguo, deputy dean of the School of International Studies at Peking University, said the US statement showed "partiality" by blaming only China "since the South China Sea issue involves not only China but also other parties". The statement would not help resolve the disputes, he said.

北京国际关系(School of International Studies at Peking University)副院长贾庆国表示，美国的声明只指责中国，显示出"偏袒"，"因为南海问题不仅涉及中国，还有其它方面"。他表示，这份声明无助于解决纠纷。

Separately on Sunday, Ma Ying-jeou, Taiwan's president, said countries fighting over the Diaoyu islands – which China and Taiwan both claim but are administered by Japan who call them the Senkaku – should negotiate a peaceful settlement that would allow co-operation in developing the area's maritime resources.

此外，台湾总统马英九(Ma Ying-jeou)周日表示，围绕钓鱼岛争执不下的各国，应当通过谈判找到和平出路，为合作开发该地区海洋资源创造条件。中国大陆和台湾都宣称拥有钓鱼岛主权，但这些岛屿目前在日本管辖之下，日本称其为尖阁诸岛。

Taiwan says the islands were ceded to it after the second world war by Japan, which used to occupy much of the land now known as Taiwan.

台湾表示，这些海岛是二战结束后日本让与它的。在那之前日本占据着目前被称为台湾的大部分土地。

Speaking at the 60th anniversary of the postwar peace treaty struck by Taiwan and Japan, Mr Ma said Taiwan would advocate a settlement for the area near the islands that resembles the compromise struck in the North Sea, where multiple European nations drill for oil.

马英九是在《中日和约》60周年纪念活动上发表讲话的。他表示，台湾针对钓鱼岛及周围海域提出"东海和平倡议"，呼吁相关各方达成和解，类似于为多个欧洲在北海钻探石油铺平道路的妥协方案。